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Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal (, more often ;〔 entry "Taj Mahal".〕 from Persian and Arabic, "crown of palaces", ) is a white marble mausoleum located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favorite wife of three, Mumtaz Mahal.
Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for an additional ten years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million Indian rupees, which in 2015 would be valued at around 52.8 billion Indian rupees ($827 million US). The construction project employed around 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The domed marble tomb is part of an integrated complex consisting of gardens and two red-sandstone buildings surrounded by a crenellated wall on three sides.
The Taj Mahal is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India". It is one of the world’s most celebrated structures and a symbol of India’s rich history. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, the Taj Mahal attracts some 3 million visitors a year. On 7 July 2007 it was declared one of the Seven winners of New7Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative in Lisbon.
== Inspiration ==
In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his favorite of three wives and beloved companion, Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess, died during the birth of their 14th child, Gauhara Begum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Public Broadcasting Service )〕 Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. The court chronicles of Shah Jahan's grief illustrate the love story traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal.〔Muhammad Abdullah Chaghtai ''Le Tadj Mahal D'Agra (Hindi). Histoire et description'' (Brussels) 1938 p. 46.〕〔'Abd al-Hamid Lahawri ''Badshah Namah'' Ed. Maulawis Kabir al-Din Ahmad and 'Abd al-Rahim under the superintendence of William Nassau Lees. Vol. I Calcutta 1867 pp. 384-9 ; Muhammad Salih Kambo ''Amal-i-Sal\lih or Shah Jahan Namah'' Ed. Ghulam Yazdani Vol.I (Calcutta) 1923 p. 275.〕 The principal mausoleum was completed in 1643〔 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished about five years later.
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